Visual analysis of single-case intervention research: Conceptual and methodological issues. Single-case designs technical documentation.
Single-case designs for educational research. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 74, 119–123.
Extracting data from figures with software was faster, with higher interrater reliability than manual extraction.
J., Vucic, K., Dosenovic, S., Sapunar, D., & Puljak, L. Validity and reliability of GraphClick and DataThief III for data extraction. Intercoder reliability and validity of WebPlotDigitizer in extracting graphed data. Promoting open science to increase the trustworthiness of evidence in special education. Contemporary School Psychology, 19, 136–144.Ĭook, B. Methods for assessing single-case school-based intervention outcomes. Evaluation of the reliability and validity of GraphClick as a data extraction program. Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences Journal of Special Education, 21(2), 383–426.Īrizona-Software. Teaching math skills to individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A descriptive and meta-analysis in single case research designs. Education & Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 55(2), 119–141Īydin, O., & Tekin-İftar, E. Studies comparing augmentative and alternative communication systems (AAC) applications for individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on the obtained results and considering the data extraction process, we presented various recommendations for the researchers that will use the PlotDigitizer program for the quantitative analysis of single-case graphs.Īydin, O., & Diken, I.
The results showed that PlotDigitizer could be an alternative to other programs as it is free and can run on many current and outdated systems, and it is valid and reliable as it is nearly perfect. Based on our sampling, we calculated intercoder and intracoder Pearson correlation coefficients. Besides, using the values we digitized, we recalculated the 23 effect sizes presented in the original articles for validity analysis.
We performed the digitization of 6.846 data points on three different computers using 15 hypothetical graphs with 20 data series and 186 graphs with 242 data series from 29 published articles to accomplish the goal. In this study, we aimed to analyze the validity and reliability of the PlotDigitizer software program, which is widely used in literature and an alternative to other data extraction programs, on computers with different operating systems. Researchers typically use data extraction software programs to extract raw data from the graphs in articles. (2010)įugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Ĭalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al.Access to raw data of graphs presented in original articles to calculate the effect size of single-case research is a challenge for researchers conducting studies such as meta-analysis. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Īlkalinity anomaly technique (Smith and Key, 1975)Ĭalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. The dissolution process of calcareous sand does not seem to be affected by open seawater carbonate chemistry rather, it seems to be controlled by the biogeochemistry of sediment pore water. This re-emphasizes the predictions that reef calcification is likely to decrease during the next century. The rate of calcification exhibited the trend previously reported it decreased as a function of increasing pCO2 and decreasing aragonite saturation state. The net community primary production (NCP) did not change significantly with respect to pCO2 and was 5.1 ± 0.9 mmol O2 m-2 h-1, Dark respiration (R) increased slightly during the experiment at high pCO2, but this did not affect significantly the NCP:R ratio (1.0 ± 0.2). The effect of increased pCO2 on the rate of calcification of the sand area of the mesocosm was also investigated.
The community was set up in an open-top mesocosm within which pCO2 was manipulated (411, 647, and 918 µatm). The effect of increased CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) on the community metabolism (primary production, respiration, and calcification) of a coral community was investigated over periods ranging from 9 to 30 d.